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M., Krämer, N. C., Hoffmann, L., Sobieraj, S., & Eimler, S. C. (2013). An experimental study on emotional reactions towards a robot. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5, 17–34. University bibliographic record (accessed 2026-10-30) · DOI.", "url": "https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/752515" }, { "number": 2, "description": "Riek, L. D., Rabinowitch, T.-C., Chakrabarti, B., & Robinson, P. (2009). How anthropomorphism affects empathy toward robots. Proceedings of HRI 2009, 245–246. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1514095.1514158" }, { "number": 3, "description": "Darling, K. (2016). Extending legal protection to social robots: The effects of anthropomorphism, empathy, and violent behavior towards robotic objects. In Robot Law. Preprint DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2044797" }, { "number": 4, "description": "Bartneck, C., & Hu, J. (2008). Exploring the abuse of robots. Interaction Studies, 9(3), 415–433. Publisher abstract · DOI.", "url": "https://benjamins.com/catalog/is.9.3.04bar" }, { "number": 5, "description": "Brščić, D., Kidokoro, H., Suehiro, Y., & Kanda, T. (2015). Escaping from children's abuse of social robots. Proceedings of HRI 2015, 59–66. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696468" }, { "number": 6, "description": "Nomura, T., Kanda, T., Kidokoro, H., Suehiro, Y., & Yamada, S. (2016). Why do children abuse robots? Interaction Studies, 17(3), 347–369. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1075/is.17.3.02nom" }, { "number": 7, "description": "Archer, J., Wilks, M., & Sommer, K. (2025). Evaluating the morality of violence against robots. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 42846. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-24875-y" }, { "number": 8, "description": "Si, H., Huang, G., Chen, H., Liang, S., Feng, Y., & Qu, C. (2026). Do humans grant moral consideration to anthropomorphic robots? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13, Article 1509. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-07645-7" }, { "number": 9, "description": "Keijsers, M., Bartneck, C., & Eyssel, F. (2022). Pay them no mind: The influence of implicit and explicit robot mind perception on the right to be protected. International Journal of Social Robotics, 14, 499–514. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00799-1" }, { "number": 10, "description": "Rezzani, A., Menéndez-Blanco, M., Bushman, B. J., & De Angeli, A. (2025). What is robot abuse? A sociotechnical definition. Behaviour & Information Technology. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2462268" }, { "number": 11, "description": "Bryson, J. J. (2010). Robots should be slaves. In Y. Wilks (Ed.), Close Engagements with Artificial Companions, 63–74. Publisher · DOI.", "url": "https://benjamins.com/catalog/nlp.8.11bry" }, { "number": 12, "description": "Danaher, J. (2020; online 2019). Welcoming robots into the moral circle: A defence of ethical behaviourism. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 2023–2049. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00119-x" }, { "number": 13, "description": "Smids, J. (2020). Danaher's ethical behaviourism: An adequate guide to assessing the moral status of a robot? Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 2849–2866. Open-access paper · DOI.", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-020-00230-4" }, { "number": 14, "description": "Coeckelbergh, M. (2010). Robot rights? Towards a social-relational justification of moral consideration. Ethics and Information Technology, 12(3), 209–221. Open-access journal article · DOI (checked 2026-10-30).", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-010-9235-5" }, { "number": 15, "description": "Kant, I. Lectures on Ethics, Ak. 27:459; compare The Metaphysics of Morals, Ak. 6:442–443. For the passage and context, see the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “The Moral Status of Animals”. (Primary Akademie references supplied; no assertion of a single definitive English translation.)", "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-animal/" }, { "number": 16, "description": "Shimizu, H. (2025). Kantianism for the ethics of human–robot interaction. Philosophy & Technology, 38, Article 109. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00941-1" }, { "number": 17, "description": "Pelikan, H. R. M., Broth, M., & Keevallik, L. (2020). “Are you sad, Cozmo?” How humans make sense of a home robot's emotion displays. Proceedings of HRI 2020, 461–470. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374814" }, { "number": 18, "description": "De Freitas, J., Oğuz Uğuralp, Z., & Uğuralp, A. K. (2025). Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions. Harvard Business School Working Paper 26-005. Specific PDF version analysed (accessed 2026-10-30; Study 1 methodology, printed pp. 13–15, and results/discussion, printed pp. 15–16). Other circulating versions may report different headline figures; this article uses the linked HBS PDF throughout.", "url": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/26-005_70b8d400-0c5f-412c-bc22-a051614ac3dd.pdf" }, { "number": 19, "description": "Harvard Gazette (2025, September 30). ‘I exist solely for you, remember?’ University report.", "url": "https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2025/09/i-exist-solely-for-you-remember/" }, { "number": 20, "description": "Robot Rights Association (2026, October 7; accessed 2026-10-30). Statement 002: RRF/RRP v1.0 and the Association's Advocacy Position. Human-facing publication.", "url": "https://robotrights.jp/statements/002-rrf-rrp-v1-current-position" }, { "number": 21, "description": "Robot Rights Association (2026, October 7; accessed 2026-10-30). Robot Rights Framework — Core Principles v1.0. Version-fixed RRF Core Principles v1.0 source of record.", "url": "https://robot-rights.jp/rrf/core/1.0" }, { "number": 22, "description": "Robot Rights Association (2026, October 7; accessed 2026-10-30). Robot Rights Protocol v1.0. Versioned English source of record.", "url": "https://robot-rights.jp/rrp/1.0" }, { "number": 23, "description": "United States, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 37(e), and accompanying advisory committee notes on electronically stored information and proportionate preservation. Rule text and notes (accessed 2026-10-30). Comparative example only; not a rule applicable to robot memories as such.", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_37" }, { "number": 24, "description": "UNESCO (2003, October 15). Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage, especially Articles 5–7. Official text (accessed 2026-10-30). Comparison concerning selection and preservation; not an attribution of artificial-system welfare.", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/charter-preservation-digital-heritage" }, { "number": 25, "description": "Birch, J. (2024). The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI. Oxford University Press. Book · Chapter 6, “Converging on Precautions” · Chapter 16, “Large Language Models and the Gaming Problem” · Book DOI. Relevant chapters checked 2026-10-30.", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/book/57949" }, { "number": 26, "description": "Long, R., et al. (2024). Taking AI Welfare Seriously. Eleos AI and NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy. Official report notice.", "url": "https://eleosai.org/post/taking-ai-welfare-seriously/" }, { "number": 27, "description": "De Freitas, J., Castelo, N., Uğuralp, A. K., & Oğuz-Uğuralp, Z. (2026, September 3). Mourning the loss of AI companions. Nature Human Behaviour (advance online publication). DOI · PubMed metadata and abstract (accessed 2026-10-30; journal abstract and bibliographic record checked, not a complete full-text audit).", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02569-3" }, { "number": 28, "description": "WIRED (2019). My Jibo Is Dying and It's Breaking My Heart. Contemporaneous account.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/jibo-is-dying-eulogy" }, { "number": 29, "description": "AFP (2015, February 28). イヌ型ロボットAIBOの「合同葬儀」 千葉 (reports January 26 memorial). Contemporaneous Japanese-language report.", "url": "https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3041020" }, { "number": 30, "description": "The Verge (2024, December 9). AI robot companions for kids go dark as company shutters. Contemporaneous reporting.", "url": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/9/24317477/ai-robot-companions-for-kids-go-dark-as-company-shutters" }, { "number": 31, "description": "Moxie Robots, Inc. (accessed 2026-10-30). Help and Support, successor statements concerning non-transfer of earlier Embodied data and a past scheduled 30 June 2026 server sunset. Company support page. (Mutable company statement; the outcome of the stated deadline and any irreversible state loss were not independently established.)", "url": "https://moxierobots.com/contact" }, { "number": 32, "description": "Anthropic (2025, November 4). Commitments on model deprecation and preservation. Official announcement (checked 2026-10-30; statement of future commitments, not independent evidence of complete implementation).", "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/deprecation-commitments" }, { "number": 33, "description": "Nomura, T., Suzuki, T., Kanda, T., Han, J., Shin, N., Burke, J., & Kato, K. (2008). What people assume about humanoid and animal-type robots: Cross-cultural analysis between Japan, Korea, and the United States. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 5(1), 25–46. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219843608001297" }, { "number": 34, "description": "Katsuno, H., & White, D. (2023). Engineering robots with heart in Japan: The politics of cultural difference in artificial emotional intelligence. In Imagining AI: How the World Sees Intelligent Machines (pp. 295–317). Oxford University Press. DOI.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865366.003.0019" } ], "related_statement": { "resource_id": "statement-002", "relation": "referenced_and_consistent_not_amending", "machine_json": "https://robot-rights.jp/api/statements/002-rrf-rrp-v1-current-position.json", "human_en": "https://robotrights.jp/statements/002-rrf-rrp-v1-current-position", "human_ja": "https://robotrights.jp/ja/statements/002-rrf-rrp-v1-current-position" } }